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Medications For Anxiety Disorder and Depression Medications help many people manage anxiety, but they aren't the only option. Exercise and psychotherapy are effective treatments, too. Certain antidepressants can treat anxiety as well, such as SSRIs, like citalopram (Celexa) and Escitalopram (Lexapro) and the fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil) and sertraline (Zoloft). Other medications, like histamine blockers, such as Vistaril (hydroxyzine) can also help relieve anxiety. Antidepressants Your doctor could prescribe medication to treat depression. Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications and there are a variety of types to choose from. The type your provider chooses depends on the severity of your symptoms, any other medical conditions you have, and treatment goals. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are among the most commonly prescribed antidepressants. They work by altering the way nerve cells within your brain communicate. They do this by increasing the levels of certain neurotransmitters, which improves mood and anxiety. Antidepressants can take a while to yield results, so be patient and adhere to your treatment. The benzodiazepines are an alternative your doctor might use to treat depression and anxiety. These are very fast-acting medications and can be used as a short-term solution to reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. Examples of benzodiazepines are lorazepam and alprazolam. They block the action of noradrenaline and adrenaline which are hormones involved in the fight or flight response. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors are an older kind of antidepressant that can be effective in treating depression and anxiety. They are usually reserved for those who don't respond to other types of antidepressants, and they require dietary adjustments to avoid hypertensive reactions caused by interactions with amino acids like tyramine. Tell your doctor if you are taking an antidepressant with a prescription. This includes vitamins and supplements. You may need to reduce the dosage if other medications are affecting how well antidepressants work, or if you experience side effects. If you suspect you're having thoughts of suicide, get help right away from a medical professional. There are many signs of depression and anxiety, or you might have comorbid depression and anxiety. Those with comorbid depression and anxiety have a poorer medical outlook than those who suffer from either disorder on their own. Some psychiatric medications have been shown to be particularly effective in treating both disorders in those with comorbid depression and anxiety. Benzodiazepines Benzodiazepines can relieve anxiety symptoms, such as alprazolam, clonazepam, chlordiazepoxide diazepam, lorazepam, and diazepam. These medications affect the central nervous system's benzodiazepine receptors, which are protein molecules consisting of five transmembrane subunits which create a benzyl-chloride channel in the middle. The benzodiazepine receptors also have one that binds to the inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma aminobutryic type A (GABA A). The benzodiazepines decrease nerve activity by increasing levels of GABA-A. The Benzodiazepines are famous for their rapid onset but also high risks of dependence and addiction. Antidepressants, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics and buspirone all have a longer duration of action, but are better options for long-term use since they don't produce tolerance or create addiction. Depression can be comorbid with anxiety disorders , and antidepressants can aid in reducing the symptoms of depression associated with underlying anxiety. However, many people suffering from depression experience a mixture of both anxious and depressive symptoms and require a combination of medication and therapy for talk to manage all of their symptoms. In these instances benzodiazepines can be used for a short time to manage anxiety or depression symptoms while other medications work. Typically, these medications are only prescribed for just a few weeks at a time and are not taken daily. When taking benzodiazepines over a long period of time could cause withdrawal symptoms, such as shaking and trouble sleeping and waking up, so these medications are only to be used according to the instructions of your doctor. Inform your doctor if you have ever had any issues with addiction, substance abuse or mental health. Your doctor can discuss possible side effects and recommend alternative treatments for depression, if needed. If you have never used benzodiazepines before, or if you are taking them in excess, they can cause grave and sometimes fatal complications. If you are pregnant or nursing or have a history with liver disease or other digestive or respiratory disorders or liver disease, your doctor may reduce the duration of treatment or require lower doses. Alcohol can negatively interact with benzodiazepines, thereby increasing the chance of adverse effects and dependence. It is recommended to avoid drinking alcohol while taking these medicines. Beta-blockers Beta-blockers can be utilized as an option to treat anxiety symptoms. They are a form of medication different from benzodiazepines, such as Xanax and they block the receptors that adrenaline binds. They also reduce brain and nervous system activity. They are a viable alternative to benzodiazepines which are more prone to the risk of dependence and addiction. Beta blockers are frequently prescribed for heart ailments, and can be helpful in treating anxiety since they lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate. However, they aren't specifically FDA-approved for the treatment of anxiety disorder. These medications are used “off-label” to treat anxiety disorders. They are a good option if other antianxiety medications aren't working or have undesirable side consequences. They are especially effective in situations of performance anxiety and social anxiety, where uncomfortable symptoms can arise in situations that cause anxiety. They can be utilized in combination with other treatment options like CBT and SSRIs. They are particularly useful as an additional treatment for people suffering from GAD which is characterised by frequent and persistent worry that affects daily activities. They can also assist in managing physical symptoms of anxiety, such as a racing pulse or increased sweating. Beta-blockers may help manage anxiety-related physical symptoms, but they do not address underlying psychological issues that cause the condition. They are most effective as a complement to other treatments like SSRIs and benzodiazepines. Before you start taking beta-blockers, it is crucial to discuss with your doctor your medical history and any other health issues. These drugs are linked to decreased psychiatric admissions and suicidal behavior, however the results may differ based on the specific psychiatric diagnosis and the psychiatric history of the past. In some patients, they can increase the risk of having cardiovascular events. There are a few natural products that have beta-blocker properties, however, they aren't as effective as prescription drugs. These include antioxidants, garlic, saffron, and potassium. The effectiveness of these natural products is not yet fully known. Some of these supplements may cause serious adverse side effects, so it is recommended to consult an expert prior to taking them. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors MAOIs work by altering the way your mind works. They interfere with the activity of an enzyme called monoamine oxidase. It reduces the chemical compounds serotonin and norepinephrine that allow your brain cells to communicate with one and each other. By blocking monoamine oxide, MAOIs allow more of these chemical messengers to stay in your brain. This enhances brain cell communication and improves your mood. These medications are also effective for treating anxiety disorders. This includes agoraphobia mixed depression and anxiety states. However, they are not as effective in states of pure anxiety and might not help with panic attacks. The MAOIs' effectiveness has been linked to their capacity to boost serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine levels within the brain. These neurotransmitters, naturally produced in the body, are released into the bloodstream, where they are transported to nerve cells and serve as messengers. Iproniazid was the very first antidepressant to be developed in the year 1950. It inhibited monoamine oxidease. This led to the creation of additional MAOIs, like tranylcypromine and isocarboxazid. These have been used for a long time to combat depression. MAOIs are usually prescribed after other types of antidepressants, such as tricyclic antidepressants or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, have been tried without success. Because they can cause interactions with food and drugs, and can lead to a serious withdrawal syndrome if they are stopped abruptly, MAOIs are typically only used for patients who fail to respond to other treatments. A newer type of MAOI, called an irreversible and selective MAO-A inhibitor, is being investigated for use in treating resistant depression. It is not recommended to use in bipolar disorder, since it may trigger manic symptoms. Selegiline, a brand new MAOI (also known as Zelapar or Eldepryl) is being studied for Parkinson's treatment. It blocks monoamine oxidase but does not affect the other enzymes which breakdown levodopa, which is the main treatment for Parkinson’s. These medications may be used as a stand-alone treatment or in conjunction with other antidepressants. MAOIs can trigger hyperreflexia as well as increased neuromuscular excitation in some patients. This may manifest as eyelid twitching, as well as other symptoms. These reactions could be more common when the drugs are consumed with certain foods like aged cheeses or cured meats.